Instrumental Conditioning

Introduction Instrumental conditioning is learning through consequences. Those behaviors that produce positive results are reinforced, while those behaviors that produce negative results are weakened (Gonzalez Sawicka, 2003). An analysis of bicycle riding reveals that the learning process is psychologically affected by both reward and punishment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Instrumental Conditioning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Learning and Teaching how to ride a Bicycle Learning to ride a bicycle can start when a child or an adult develops a desire to ride a bicycle. It may be related with what the age mates are doing. A feeling of freedom and fun is a motivation in a learning process. One should start learning from the simplest way and advance to the complicated levels. The learning process involves five major steps (Mozer, 2011). Firstly, one should learn on how to balance a bicycle on a flat field. P rotective clothing such as helmet, long pants and gloves are important in this exercise. The learner should then go to up on a sloppy place and lift up his feet off the ground as he goes down the hill on the bicycle. This helps to exercise on balancing the bicycle (Mozer, 2011). The second step should be pedaling. The learner should put his feet on the pedals and try to pedal. It is recommended to start with one pedal and then proceed on to both pedals. The learner should repeat this action until he feels comfortable. The learner then can pedal up the hill after being able to pedal down the hill. During this process, one can increase the number of pedaling runs (Mozer, 2011). Riding a bicycle in a straight line should be the initial way of learning to ride a bicycle. It has been recommended that a learner should start by pedaling with one foot and later on the other foot can catch up. Developing good habits from the beginning gives the learner a smooth start (Mozer, 2011). Looking s traight ahead helps in riding a bicycle in a straight line. Flexibility and staying relaxed is a key to learning how to ride a bicycle. Turning one’s head may cause the bicycle to swerve. Care should be taken when stopping a bicycle by applying both the rear and front brakes simultaneously (Mozer, 2011). At this point, the learner can start making turns. It is recommended that there should be some slowing down before negotiating a corner. Learning how to make a turn involves the combination of steering abilities as well as putting into use what one has already learnt. In the whole of this process, crashes are expected. The instructor should be keen to comfort, coerce, cheerlead and bandage and also be patient with the person he/she is training (Mozer, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Positive and Negative Reinforcement in Riding a Bicycle Learning and behavior are linked together and thus behavior is susceptible to be changed by a learning process (Psychology, 2011). When one is learning to keep the balance, pedaling and steering, he/she may fall several times. The learner should understand that all the learning stages may not be accomplished successfully as some stages may have to be repeated once or twice. From the consequence of what the learner gets, he responds accordingly. The behaviors that cause a fall will not be repeated e.g. if turning the head was the cause of falling, the likelihood of not repeating turning the head will be quite high consequently the behavior of turning the head will be weakened. If one succeeds in riding the bicycle and gets a smooth start, the learner easily gets to the next step. One’s history in riding a bicycle can function as either a positive or negative reinforcement. Reinforcement is caused by both emotional and physical states of the learner (Sidman, 2006). Encouragement is very crucial in a learning process. When the rider improves and is encouraged, the behavior will be reinforced. If the learner feels challenged and on repeated trials fails, he will possibly feel discouraged and the learning process may be slowed down. If the learner for example falls, this would be a negative result (Mozer, 2011). The process of trial and error is repeated until one gets used to balancing the bicycle. After knowing how to pedal one may get so exited and feel that he/she can speed up down the streets. Another problem comes in if he/she is not able to stop and brake effectively. This may bring falls, hurts or wounds. After many trials the person learns to stop the bicycle without inflicting personal injuries (Psychology, 2011). Role of Reward and Punishment in Cycling Skinner developed a theory in learning and noticed that he could train pigeons and other animals (Psychology, 2011). Their response was modified because of the use of a reward which was food. The pigeon realized that upon pecking some identified spot it some food dropped from somewhere. This tempted the pigeon to repeat the process continuously as it led to more availability of food. The pairing of behavior and reward is also significant while learning to ride a bicycle. The behavior in this condition is voluntary. This is known as operant conditioning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Instrumental Conditioning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has been noted that â€Å"operant conditioning includes pairing through reinforcement and punishment† (Psychology, 2011, p. 1). Being rewarded enhances one to learn the process being rewarded faster (Psychology, 2011). Social learning is also an important aspect while learning how to ride a bicycle. When a learner sees other people taking pleasure in riding a bicycle he/she is likely to be encouraged into acquiring the skill (Psychology, 2011). Knowing how to balance and pedal will cause the learner to cycle more skillfully. He will progress to turning, steering and braking without making many mistakes. Confidence in riding a bicycle can be viewed as a positive reinforcement. Positive punishment enhances learning the correct behavior. This means if the learner knows where he/she makes mistakes and falls e.g. at corners, he/she will be more careful when he/she reaches the corners and will not probably be speeding up at such points (Psychology, 2011). Negative punishment is eliminating a factor or variable that results to diminishing a given behavior (Psychology, 2011). Reinforcement can be of fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval or variable interval. In learning to ride a bicycle the reinforcement is of variable ratio. The number of times that one must ride the bicycle in order to become an expert is unknown (Psychology, 2011). Conclusion Learning how to ride a bicycle is a process. What one experiences in the first step determines how he/she will proceed to t he next stage. Behaviors that contribute to good riding are enhanced while those that bring punishment such as falls are weakened. This reveals that the learning process is psychologically affected by both reward and punishment. References Gonzalez, J. G., Sawicka, A. (2003, January 6-9). Modelling Instrumental Conditioning. Web. Mozer, D. (2011). Learning to Bicycle Without Pain, Teaching Bicycling Without Strain. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Psychology. (2011). Learning and Behavior. Web. Sidman, M. (2006). The distinction between positive and negative Reinforcement. Web. This essay on Instrumental Conditioning was written and submitted by user Isabel Flowers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Guide to Writing Essay for Scholarship

A Guide to Writing Essay for Scholarship There's a greater probability of the scholarship committee throwing the essay paper in case it doesn't concentrate on the subject. A self-introduction essay is, in most instances, written utilizing the first-person perspective. You're judged for utilizing the chance of expressing your nature and intellect in a compelling tone. In the event the answer is negative, talk about how you want to modify. The next thing to do is to select literature and sources of the info that you require. If you would like to fully grasp how to compose an essay for a scholarship, it would be prudent to begin from ordering a low-cost custom writing help online. Writing quality essays is the principal use of our services. If you neglect to set yourself aside from the other applicants, you'll get lost in the shuffle. A winning scholarshipessay is one which truly sets a specific applicant besides the others. 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Research Essay Topics From Reddit

Research Essay Topics From RedditIn an ideal world, all research essay topics would be invented at the same time. This is a great goal but is not likely in this world of computerized information. Still, if you were to create a research topic based on similar sources, you would most likely benefit from a similar approach.So, what are some of the best research essay topics created by internet users? Some ideas include:One of the best ideas I've seen for research essay topics comes from Reddit. For example, this person explains how to use Google's Instant Articles feature to write a research essay. They also used this research to provide an explanation of what an article is and why it can be useful to those who have questions about a particular topic. What is great about this idea is that it is not so generic.Now, if you were to create an essay using an idea from a software engineer employed by a company, you would certainly be in a much better situation. It is a given that you would ha ve a much better chance of getting some credit for your hard work, simply because it would be a first for you. While a software engineer probably knows most things there is to know about their profession, there are still things that they do not know.On the other hand, there are professionals who can literally develop any idea they can think of into a design service, or a web-design service, or even a marketing plan. If this information is worth a lot of money, you might consider designing a new field of study, one that is actually useful.A good software engineer doesn't just have all the skills they need to work, but can come up with ideas that are practically the same as their competitors. Why would any potential client to give a great deal of money to someone who didn't create a research topic based on the ideas that they require?Of course, you are not limited to making your own research essay topics. You can also look up many different topics from the internet. Sometimes it is he lpful to look for subjects on related topics that are similar to the one you want to write about.Just because you are a good software engineer does not mean that you are destined to write only about tools. Good writers can look up as many different types of topics as they can find, and they can come up with great research essay topics that are unique to their type of skills.

New Article Reveals the Low Down on Research Paper Topics about Robots and Why You Must Take Action Today

New Article Reveals the Low Down on Research Paper Topics about Robots and Why You Must Take Action Today Finding the Best Research Paper Topics about Robots It addresses the building of robots that could act and work like human beings. Despite some claims made for the upcoming evolution of artificial intelligence, computers are most likely to remain calculating machines without the capacity to think or create for a very long moment. The large part of the industrial robots being used on earth today are observed in Japan. They are usually used at industries. On the flip side, if we take the illustration of the movie AI, artificial intelligence, the growth of the machine will cause a robot who can love, therefore contributing to peace on earth, not war. Research Paper Topics about Robots - the Conspiracy If you want to produce the superior essay on microeconomics topics all on your own, the very first place you should search is the internet. It's possible to contact us for an y sort of thesis-related help on at least one of these topics. Don't neglect to pick a topic that interest you. The Research Paper Topics about Robots Chronicles You'll quickly discover that a tiny discussion can go quite a way. Think that it over you'll discover a whole lot of good ideas! If you're writing about social problems, you will usually be writing about the way the topic affects larger groups of people, like how poverty affects a whole generation. A great deal of individuals feel overwhelmed with the idea of creating an eBook. And various websites on the net. The Advantages of Research Paper Topics about Robots It gives computers the capacity to understand human speech. The secret to perfect gift giving is to regard the graduate. To get started researching local problems, head straight to local newspapers and internet sources. There are varieties of basketball courts but be sure you're likely to find the maximum high quality court for your boy or girl. With perso nalized jerseys of the NFL, you are certain that you've got the ideal design. And perhaps above all, gathering information from reviews by actual owners will provide you with the ideal opportunity to select a make and model that you're going to be pleased with for decades. Using NFL jerseys is quite common. Locating a cheap NFL jersey has been a daunting undertaking for a lot of the hardcore fans regardless of the team they support for. Severe acne can result in a formation of large pimples that go deep within the epidermis. Not merely in the home, but in the schools too, it's extremely important to keep a good hygiene condition. The hygiene is dependent on various ailments. Definitions of Research Paper Topics about Robots The very first layer comprises the input neurons. Many other types of sensors can likewise be set on robots. In the approaching time, this technology will be put into place in virtually every application and device. The Fight Against Research Paper T opics about Robots Vacuuming is only the start. There's no denying to the simple fact that Artificial Intelligence will have a tremendous effect in our everyday life. How to Choose Research Paper Topics about Robots This is also a terrific benefit if you have children! An actual android would also need to house or be related to the computer-equivalent of a human brain. It is a means to meet new individuals, too. They might be on anything particularly if you're a college student. Robots have the capacity to learn from their experience. Statistics play a vital part in data mining procedure. Computing skills are frequently used in day-to-day pursuits. Research Paper Topics about Robots Ideas They may consist of technological advances like radio control, but for the large part they can only execute an established routine of entertaining but otherwise useless actions. A shadow box is an excellent method to display larger dog-related items that won't match in a normal frame . Attempt to prepare a backyard court.

Argument Essay Sample For Essays

Argument Essay Sample For EssaysArgument essay sample for essays is one of the many requirements for most college or university. Most essays should have some sort of analysis or comment to support the student's point of view. The argument essay sample for essays is an effective way to convince the reader about your point of view.One easy ways to create your own essay is by using the topic outline. Once you create the outline, you will know where the argument will be placed in the essay. You can also use the summary of the essay as a guide on the content of the essay. Some common topics are:Once you know what your main theme will be, begin writing the argument. You must focus on your main point, whether you are pro or anti the topic. In your conclusion, tell the reader about why you believe the situation in question to be true. This is also known as the 'reasoning' of the thesis statement. It tells the reader why your main point is correct and the other side is wrong.One of the most i mportant parts of the essay is the introduction. In this part, you must give an introduction to your topic. You must explain the main concept of the topic so the reader can better understand your essay. In addition, you need to show the reader how your main point supports your thesis statement.The first part of the argument essay sample for essays is the thesis statement. The thesis statement is the backbone of the essay. It will establish the main idea and provide evidence supporting it. The thesis statement should be complete and concise, and it should be persuasive.Your thesis statement should not just be anything that has strong points against it. To determine this, write down your 'why'. The reason will be the most important part of your statement. The reason will tell the reader why your main point is true and why your opponent's argument is false. If you can provide compelling evidence that will support your reason, then you have done an excellent job in writing the thesis st atement.There are two different types of arguments that can be made in an essay. These are affirmative and negative. Affirmative is the side that tells the readers that their argument supports the topic. Negative is the side that tells the readers that their argument will prove the opposite of what they are stating.In conclusion, an argument is not necessarily about stating your position. The writer needs to state the 'why' of his or her statement and then offer arguments that support the 'why'. It is not enough to say something in an essay; you must then offer a 'why' statement supporting it.