Entering Grooming Business in Hong Kong Pest Analysis

Personal management and human resource management (HRM) basically brings very similar meaning. The personnel who work for a company represent that company’s human resource. Human resource management (HRM) department didn’t actually exist until 1940s, the activities performed by these departments were not all brand new but in fact, quite a number of the human resource practices and programs that we see today top derivation in the earlier times. Human resource management (HRM) is historically known as personal management which deals with official system for the management of the people within the organization. Many renowned companies want to achieve the transformation of their workforce into a foundation of completive advantage. HR manager inevitably has concerns for their workers. These concerns consists of how to manage layoffs, address deduction of employee loyalty, generate a well trained highly motivated work force that can deliver HR mangers have many concerns regarding their workers. These concerns include how to mange layoffs, address reduced employee loyalty, generate a well trained highly motivated work force that can deliver higher quality and productivity. Mange and increase diverse workforce and contain health care cost. HRM has been undergoing transformation. In 1970s, the job of the HR manger was to keep their companies out of court and in compliance with the increasing number of regulations governing the work place. In the 1980s HR mangers had to address staffing costs related to mergers and acquisitions and downsizing. The economic issues related to an increasingly global and completive workplace characterize the 1990s. Beside these concerns Firms are also facing some other challenges regarding workforce before we take up the HR challenges that face managers, we need to define manager and say a word about where human resources fit into the organization. Managers are people who are in charge of others and are responsible for the timely and correct execution of actions that promote their units' successful performance. B. History of Personnel Management A group of people becomes an organization when they cooperate with each other to achieve common goals. Communication among them is therefore important. But people have individual motivations, which often differ, from the corporate goals. An effective organization is one which succeeds in getting people to accept that cooperating to achieve organizational goals also helps them to achieve their own goals provided they are adequately rewarded through extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. This is achieved primarily through leadership and motivation. Employers therefore increasingly view human resource management from a strategic perspective, and as an appropriate means through which the chasm between organizational and individual goals can be narrowed. As it has been aptly observed: â€Å"Part of the problem is that we have split off human resource management from the general management problem, as if there were some other kind of management other than human resource management. As long as organizations are based upon the coordinated action of two or more people, management is by definition human resource management. Despite the proliferation of writings and studies on HRM, there is a wide gap between the rhetoric and the reality, though the gap has been narrowing in the 1990s. There is as yet inadequate research to ascertain the extent to which practice matches corporate policy statements, and the impact of HRM policies and practices Page # 29 on employee behavior and morale. To have a major impact on enterprises, HRM has to be diffused across an economy, rather than remain islands of excellence. Nevertheless, promoting excellent models of HRM stimulates interest in better people management. HRM has three basic goals, which contribute to achieving management objectives. The first is integration of HRM in two senses: integrating HRM into an organization's corporate strategy, and ensuring an HRM view in the decisions and actions of line managers. Integration in the first sense involves selecting the HRM options consistent with (and which promote) the particular corporate strategy. The option is determined by the type of employee behavior expected (e. g. innovation) needed to further the corporate strategy. For instance, the HRM policies in relation to recruitment, appraisal, compensation, training, etc. iffer according to whether the business strategy is one of innovation, quality enhancement or cost reduction. A strategy of innovation may require a pay system less influenced by market rates but which rewards creativity, and the pay rates would even be low so long as there are ways of making up the earnings package. A cost reduction strategy may lead to pay rates being strongly influenced by market levels. Similarly, training and development would rec eive less emphasis in a cost reduction strategy than in one where the objective is innovation or quality. But such integration is difficult without securing the inclusion of a HRM view in the decisions and practices of line managers. This requires that HRM should not be a centralized function. A second goal of HRM is securing commitment through building strong cultures. This involves promoting organizational goals by uniting employees through a shared set of values (quality, service, innovation, etc. ) based on a convergence of employee and enterprise interests, which the larger Japanese enterprises have been particularly adept at. A third goal of HRM is to achieve flexibility and adaptability to manage change and innovation in response to rapid changes consequent upon globalization. Relevant to HRM policies in this regard are training and multi-skilling, re-organization of work and removal of narrow job classifications. Appropriate HRM policies are designed, for instance, to recruit, develop and retain quality staff, to formulate and implement agreed performance goals and measures, and to build a unified organizational culture. C. Shifting from Personnel Management to HRM The transformation is reflected by raising important role of HRM from the personal management purpose from one of focussing on employee welfare to one of managing people in a way, which matches organizational goal and individual goals and providing employees with intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Therefore Therefore, today Human Resource Management (HRM), historically known as personal management, deals with formal system for the management of the people within the organization. Many well-known companies report that they are trying to transform their workforce into a source of completive advantage. Stages of shifting of Personnel Management to HRM: First, HRM earlier reacted piece-meal to problems as they arose. Effective HRM seeks to link HRM issues to the overall strategy of the organization, with the most effective HRM policies and practices integrated into such corporate policies and strategies to reinforce or change an organization's culture. Integration is needed in two senses – integrating HRM issues in an organization's strategic plans and securing the acceptance and inclusion of a HRM view in the decisions of line managers. The HRM policies in respect of the various functions (e. g. recruitment, training, etc. ) should be internally consistent. They must also be consistent with the business strategies and should reflect the organization's core values. The problem of integrating HRM view business strategy arises, for example, in a diversified enterprise with different products and markets. In such cases it is difficult to match HRM policies with strategies that could vary among different business activities, each of which may call for different HRM policies. Second, building strong cultures is a way of promoting particular organizational goals, in that â€Å"a ‘strong culture' is aimed at uniting employees through a shared set of managerially sanctioned values (‘quality', ‘service', ‘innovation' etc. ) that assume an identification of employee and employer interests. However, there can be tension between a strong organizational culture and the need to adapt to changed Page # 30 ircumstances and to be flexible, particularly in the highly competitive and rapidly changing environment in which employers have to operate today. Rapid change demanded by the market is sometimes difficult in an organization with a strong culture. IBM has been cited as a case in point. Its firmly-held beliefs about products and services made it difficult for it to effect changes in time, i. e. when the market required a radical change in product and service (from mainframe, customized systems, salesmen as management consultants to customer-as-end-user, seeking quality of product and service) o personal computers (standardized product, cost competition, dealer as customer). Nevertheless, in the long term a strong organizational culture is preferable to a weak one. Third, the attitude that people are a variable cost is, in effective HRM, replaced by the view that people are a resource and that as social capital can be developed and can contribute to competitive advantage. Increasingly, it is accepted that competitive advantage is gained through well-educated and trained, motivated and committed employees at all levels. This recognition is now almost universal, and accounts for the plausible argument that training and development are, or will be, the central pillar of HRM. Fourth, the view that the interests of employees and management or shareholders are divergent and confliction – though substantially true in the past – is giving way to the view that this need not necessarily be so. As organization, which practices, effective HRM seeks to identify and promote a commonality of interests. Significant examples are training which enhances employment security and higher earning capacity for employees while at the same time increasing the employee's value to the enterprise's goals of better productivity and performance; pay systems which increase earnings without significant labor cost increases, and which at the same time promote higher performance levels; goal-setting through two-way communication which establishes unified goals and objectives and which provides intrinsic rewards to the employee through a participatory process. Fifth, top-down communication coupled with controlled information flow to keep power within the control of management giving way to a sharing of information and knowledge. This change facilitates the creation of trust and commitment and makes knowledge more productive. Control from the top is in effective HRM being replaced by increasing employee participation and policies, which foster commitment and flexibility that help organizations to change when necessary. The ways in which the larger Japanese enterprises have installed participatory schemes and introduced information-sharing and two-way communication systems are instructive in this regard. In enterprises that tend to have corporate philosophies or missions, and where there are underlying values that shape their corporate culture, HRM becomes a part of the strategy to achieve their objectives. In some types of enterprises such as ones in which continuous technological change takes place, the goal of successfully managing change at short intervals often requires employee cooperation through emphasis on communication and involvement. As this type of unit grows, â€Å"If there is strategic thinking in human resource management these units are likely to wish to develop employee-relations policies based on high individualism paying above market rates to recruit and retain the best labor, careful selection and recruitment systems to ensure high quality and skill potential, emphasis on internal training schemes to develop potential for further growth, payment system designed to reward individual performance and cooperation, performance and appraisal reviews, and strong emphasis on team work and communication †¦ In short, technical and capital investment is matched by human resource investments, at times reaching near the ideals of human resource management. Shift of personnel management to HRM took place in three stages: Records and 1. Records and Administration 2. Accountability Regulations 3. Competitive Advantage 1. Records and Administration In first stage the primary activities, which were carried out by personnel department, were, Planning Company picnics Scheduling vacations, Enrolling workers for health-are coverage, Planning retirement parties These concerns include how to mange layoffs, address reduced employee loyalty, create a well trained highly motivated work force that can deliver higher quality and productivity, mange and increase diverse workforce and contain health care cost. 2. Accountability Regulations During this stage primary framework of rules and regulations started emerging tin the organization. In 1970s, the job of the HR manger was to keep their companies out of court and in compliance with the increasing number of regulations governing the work place. In the 1980s HR mangers had to address staffing costs related to mergers and acquisitions and downsizing. The economic issues related to an increasingly global and completive workplace characterize the 1990s. Beside these concerns 3. Competitive Advantage The aim of this shift stage is from merely securing compliance to the more ambitious one of winning commitment. The employee resource, therefore, becomes worth investing in, and training and development thus assume a higher profile. These initiatives are associated with, and maybe are even predicated upon, a tendency to shift from a collective orientation to the management of the workforce to an individualistic one. Accordingly management looks for ‘flexibility' and seeks to reward differential performance in a differential way. Communication of managerial objectives and aspirations takes on a whole new importance. What separates or distinguishes HRM from the traditional personnel function is the integration of HRM into strategic management and the pre-occupation of HRM with utilizing the human resource to achieve strategic management objectives. HRM â€Å"seeks to eliminate the mediation role and adopts a generally unitary perspective. It emphasizes strategy and planning rather than problem solving and mediation, so that employee cooperation is delivered by programme of corporate culture, remuneration packaging, and team building and management development for core employees, while peripheral employees are kept at arm's length. HRM strategies may be influenced by the decisions taken on strategy (the nature of the business currently and in the future) and by the structure of the enterprise (the manner in which the enterprise is structured or organized to meet is objectives). In an enterprise with effective HRM polices and practices, the decisions on HRM are also strategic decisions influenced by strategy and structure, and by external factors such as trade unions, the labor market situation and the legal system. In reality most firms do not have such a well thought out sequential HRM model. But we are considering here is also effective HRM, and thus a model where HRM decisions are as strategic as the decisions on the type of business and structure. At conceptual level the interpretations of HRM indicate different emphases, which lead to concentration on different contents of the discipline. The various distinctions or interpretations indicate that HRM â€Å"Can be used in a restricted sense so reserving it as a label only for that approach to labor management which treats labor as a valued asset rather than a variable cost and which accordingly counsels investment in the labor resource through training and development and through measures designed to at tract and retain a committed workforce. Alternatively it is sometimes used in an extended way so as to refer to a whole array of recent managerial initiatives including measures to increase the flexible utilization of the labor resource and other measures, which are largely directed at the individual employee. But another distinction can also be drawn. This directs attention to the ‘hard' and ‘soft' versions of HRM. The ‘hard' one emphasizes the quantitative, calculative and business-strategic aspects of managing the headcounts resource in as ‘rational' a way as for any other economic factor. By contrast, the ‘soft' version traces its roots to the human-relations school; it emphasizes communication, motivation, and leadership. There are several ways in which HRM has changed earlier attitudes and assumptions of personnel management about managing people. The new model of HRM includes many elements vital to the basic management goal of achieving and maintaining

Are Gap Years a Good Idea? Essay

When you think about graduating high school, it is almost ingrained in your brain that college is the next step. You think, â€Å"Who doesn’t have a college degree?† And where in life am I going to get without one. But school is not for everybody. A lot of kids, including me, just go to college because it seems like the right path. Kids who have no idea what they want to do, think â€Å"well a college degree could be useful,† well why would you want to go do something, when you have no idea why you’re even doing it. Well, there may be another option. There is a British tradition, which is called a gap year. Defined by Cambridge Dictionaries Online as â€Å"a year between leaving school and starting university which is usually spent travelling or working† (Cambridge University 1). Now this sounds interesting, doesn’t it? What if you had a whole year to do what you needed, travel or work, something to help you figure out what you really want to do with your life. In Britain, there is now this option. With this idea in your head a question comes to mind, should the U.S. adopt the British tradition of students taking a gap year? In the paragraphs below, I will tell you why I think the U.S. should. I have looked at both sides of whether or not the U.S. should adopt this British tradition. I have found though, that it is working tremendously for the UK. That is the main reason I think that the U.S. should use this idea, if it is working so great for the UK and their colleges have a better reputation maybe we should also think about adopting this idea. I think students should take a gap year for many other reasons also though, which have to do with the student. First and foremost, it offers a great worldly experience and gives students time to do what they need to do. It also gives those students who have no clue what they would like to major in or do after college, time. Time is what many students need, being rushed into college right after high school and having to do college applications during senior year really stresses some students out. Me being one of these students, last year when applying to colleges, I had to write that I was undecided. And here we are midway through my first semester of college, and I am still undecided and have absolutely no clue what I want to do. And I feel like a lot of students are in the unspoken situation I was in. Maybe if gap years were a more widely accepted idea and promoted then students who didn’t quite know what to do would have another option. Anybody can do gap years also! It is not just used for young students. Older people going back to school, have this option also. And no matter the money situation there are so many options, so no matter what if you wanted to travel you could. There are student travel abroad programs, volunteer and scholarship options. No matter if you have money or not, you can get a great worldly experience that will give you time and extra skills which most students will not have in college. Many people think taking a year off of school is dangerou s. Not dangerous in a physical way, but mentally. An opinion of many who are asked about gap years is that students will not return to school once they have had the freedom of no school for a year. It is believed that students will become mentally lazy, and will not want to work again and realize that they really do not have to go back. But in researching this, I have found that kids who take gap years to do progressive things have loved their decisions and come back ready to learn again. On the infamous website planetgapyears.com, many students tell about their experiences with gap years and how it really helped them become motivated again. Even though people think kids will not go back to school, I think it’s better for someone to take a break then go to college when they are not ready. Studies show that â€Å"the dropout rate for incoming college freshman is almost 30%† (NCES 1). Most freshmen who are not equipped to handle college yet or who are not ready, but do it anyways, just end up dropping out. A Student dropping out provides lower statistics for good colleges, not because the college is doing a bad job but because kids just are not ready. Why should a person go to college when they are just not ready for it? If the dropout rate is high why not let a student defer their application until they are ready? This is how the British gap year works, a student applies to colleges their senior year of high school, like a normal fall applicant would. Once accepted, the student then defers their application and the university gives them an amount of time off. When this time is over, they start in the next semester. Most British colleges offer this to students, and a lot of colleges actually encourage it to students who think they are not ready to handle the college life. I think the U.S. should do this to, only because it is working so well in Britain. The gap ye ar is proven to be a helpful and great experience for students. If it wasn’t why would universities encourage it? Students come back from these trips or years off with a new found want to learn and a refreshed mind. After going to school for four year, it is definitely hard to be excited to do the same thing for another four years. But with a gap year, you’re doing something else for a year, so when you come back you are in learning mode. Another argument someone who is against gap years may make is that they are expensive, especially if you are looking to travel. This is completely wrong though! Travelling is only one option, you can choose to just live at home and work, or focus on something else! You do not have to spend money to take a gap year. But there is always that option too! Many students want to take a gap year, but have no savings or money to do so. No problem! British universities offer thousands of travelling options, such as scholarships, and study abroad programs. Scholarships can help you get started and make it mu ch cheaper. And study abroad programs are too, they help students get more for their money. And the study abroad option also helps them still be a part of the university they would like to attend! So you’re not fully out of school, you’re just off the main campus for a little while. Also there are volunteer options, where you can spend a little bit of your time volunteering but get to go somewhere for free or for a small fee! So there are many options for students who are not well off with money, which we know in this economy is a lot of us, so why not do it? You must wonder truly how popular gap years are in the UK. Well I found statistics on a website called gapadvice.org. A non-biased website towards gap years, this website is geared towards students who are looking to take gap years. It gives basic statistics and even research on gap years into how helpful and beneficial they are for students. According to UCAS Figures, the ‘students take a gap year’ rate per year is about 7%, and has stayed close to around 7% since 2002 until around 2011. But this year had a surprising, 37% reduction rate in the amount of students taking a gap year. You may ask why this year had a reduction rate. Nobody is really sure why, but a study called â€Å"Revision of Gap Year Provision† report commissioned by the Department for Education and Skills could only talk good things about gap years. This report was carried out by Dr. Andrew Jones from Birkbeck, University of London, to talk about if he thought gap years were hurting or beneficial to students. All he says in this report is that it is beneficial to students to take gap years, finding that â€Å"Planned and well-structured gap years are a highly beneficial experience for young people. They are often important factors in facilitating the next step in education or employment. Participants gain a wide range of life skills and other more specialized skills. These skills are often the ones employers identify as lacking in new recruits and are valued by universities. Gap year participation also benefits wider society both in terms of the activities young people undertake and the wider impact of facilitating the integration of young people into society as functioning citizens† (Jones 1). This is amazing. A professional does a study and finds only good things about students taking gap years. He also found that in the UK â€Å"between 200,000 and 250,000 young people aged 16-25 are estimated to take a gap year of some kind each year† (Jones 1). This number is huge and has only gone up since the earlier 2000’s. I think with only good things to say about gap years, what is the hurt in taking one? So I’m sure most students think, what’s the point? But if you really think about it, everyone has somewhere they would like to travel to eventually. So take this time to travel there. Almost every student story I read online from a student’s perspective, said that taking the gap year was one of the smartest things they have ever done. And on top of that, that it was one of the best experiences of their life. I’m sure as soon as you would mention taking a year off of school to your parents, is as soon as you would jump off a bridge, this is the same for me. My parents believe college is a necessity and would give me some crazy look if I had even mentioned taking a year off of school last year. But I do regret not even mentioning it. As of now, it’s taking me some time to get used to college. I have adapted pretty well, but I definitely think a student like me who has no idea what they want to major in or do outside of college, a gap year would have been a good learning experience for me. I didn’t have a chance to do this, but you do. With so many programs you barely have to pay any money to experience a whole new culture and part of the world. You can experience hands on activity and travel at the same time with volunteering. And you could even stay home, but don’t be lazy, take an internship, get a job, do something productive. It gives you time and options to think about what you would like to do when you grow up, and gives you time to set a financial ground for yourself before going into college. Students come back with worldly experiences and things many people have never seen before, which gives them a leg up in college. If there is only good to say about it, then why not?

Transformational Leaders Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Transformational Leaders - Assignment Example They act as role models, thereby demonstrating integrity in their working relationships. Moreover, they challenge themselves and their colleagues to higher levels of morality and motivation. They set clear goals, have high expectations in addition to encouraging and supporting their teammates. Not only do they stir the emotions of their co-players, they also get them to look beyond their self-interest and inspire them to reach the improbable (Bass & Riggio, 2006). Nelson Mandela did all the above for South Africa. He gave his people hope during a very difficult period and brought about democracy after years of apartheid. Transformational leaders make decisions bearing their teammates in mind. They do not enter leadership positions to meet their own selfish agendas. Decisions made by such leaders are aimed at improving the situation at hand and coming up with solutions for current challenges. Nelson Mandela humbled himself and went to visit Widow Betsie Vorwoer in a bid to bring healing to South Africa despite staying in jail for 27 years. In addition, culture plays a role in transformational leaders. Take Mandela for instance the culture of apartheid in his country motivated him to fight against it. The present circumstance pushes such leaders to bring about change in the society that they live in. Leaders such as Socrates, Abraham, and Gandhi were all motivated by the ways of the society they lived in. I believe that I am a transformational leader. I came to this realization after leading the Red Cross team in raising money to visit a children’s home and donate food and necessities to the less fortunate in the society. I was able to mobilize my team members in addition to motivating them to do their best when we were in the field. I set certain goals some of which we were able to meet and the rest are in progress. I did not give up despite the challenges we faced. Our actions brought about change to those children and we plan to visit them

Enivromental impact of a product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Enivromental impact of a product - Essay Example Accordingly, Frank E. Lindsay’s strap handle consumes more resources and produces more waste. Our strap handle carries a weight meter unlike the strap handle of Frank E. Lindsay. The weight meter attached to our strap handle saves the users the cost and time otherwise consumed in weighing the box every time they have to transport the luggage from one place to another whereas the users of Frank E. Lindsay’s strap handle have to first weigh the box and then transport it. Weighing the luggage using external weighing machines might also involve the use of power which is thus avoided in our design. Concluding, the environmental impact of our strap handle design is positive in that not only it saves the natural resources but helps to preserve them by using recycled materials in the making of the strap handle whereas the environmental impact of the strap handle design of Frank E. Lindsay is not as positive since it requires manufacturing of the film as well as weighing the

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paraphrase - Essay Example Determining whether this was an appropriate sample or whether the study was conducted in accordance with experimental testing standards is not possible given the provided information, which detracts somewhat from the study’s reliability. Open kinetic chain and active knee positioning was selected as the means of testing knee position sense because JPS, or the ability to reproduce joint angles, is considered an important component of joint perception and JPS is commonly measured through active ipsilateral matching. It has been suggested that JPS is more sensitive to fatigue than kinesthesia (Skinner et al, 1986) while studies such as Paillard and Brouchon (1974) have suggested that active use of the joint contributes to a clear sense of knee positioning. Because of this more precise conception of the knee’s position, it was hypothesized that this method would provide a more accurate measurement of muscle receptors in the extensor and flexor structures. As part of the published study, the researcher did provide a brief explanation of the data collection method, but further analysis proves the study’s method is insufficient for accurate results. In addition to the problem already mentioned regarding the selection of the study sample, the participants engaged in the data collection process during a single morning session, providing little comparison data and no control group. According to Ribeiro et al (2007), measurements were taken once before applying fatigue protocol and once afterwards. This fatigue protocol is described as 30 repetitions at maximum range of motion on an isokinetic dynamometer, essentially a computerized leg lift machine with additional gauges used to measure various muscle groups within the leg. The rate of activity was set at an angular velocity of 120 s (Ribeiro et al, 2007). To ensure the relevant muscles were properly warmed up before this activity, participants were asked to participate in five minu tes of

Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homeland Security - Essay Example This essay, this reaction paper, will argue that these terms need to be defined very specifically and very deliberately; otherwise, it persists as a vague concept capable of being used as justification for nearly any action. More specifically, this paper will argue that homeland ought to be defined to include a variety of harmonious interests and that security ought to be defined as actions and policies designed to accomplish their objectives with the least amount of intrusion into the affairs of individual states and into the lives of individuals or businesses. As an initial matter, homeland should include a variety of interests; more particularly, it should refer to the nation, the states, and to individuals. There should be no ranking of these homeland types in terms of significance; that means that national interests should not be placed above state interests through this extra-constitutional concept, and that individuals should not be granted a higher status than they are already accorded under traditional notions of constitutional jurisprudence. A framework for allocating powers and rights already exists in the constitution; the mere notion of a recently defined homeland being promulgated in haphazard fashion and zealously guarded sounds forebodingly like an attempt to subvert constitutional principles through non-constitutional means. A great deal has been made about protecting critical homeland sites, such as those related to infrastructure, finance, and military readiness. The homeland also includes lesser constituent parts of the country, such as in Louisiana, which were devastated by the hurricanes recently. There ought to be a uniform approach to defining the homeland, whether is the Pentagon, the Federal Reserve Bank, Louisiana, or Mr. and Mrs. Smith's family farm. My sense, my reaction, is that the homeland portion of the concept prioritizes national aspects while minimizing or ignoring state and individual aspects. This would be a dangerous deviation from the constitutional principles upon which this country was founded; as a result, that would make Homeland Security a direct threat to the system of governance established by the American constitution. In addition, the security aspect of the concept is also vague and seemingly unlimited. Is security meant to be proactive or reactive Is it meant to stifle otherwise protected types of speech and protests in order to prevent some potential negative outcome The Central Intelligence Agency and the American military have traditionally been vested with duties dealing with international affairs. The CIA is no more allowed to spy on American soil than are American soldiers allowed to engage in domestic law enforcement activities. And, yet, as security implies both the gathering of intelligence and the mobilization of physical forces to deter any potential attack, whom else would be involved in maintaining American security if not these organizations This raises troubling issues. Does this notion of security mean

Modernism - Edward Weston, Tina Modotti, Manuel Alvarez Bravo Essay

Modernism - Edward Weston, Tina Modotti, Manuel Alvarez Bravo - Essay Example The essay "Modernism - Edward Weston, Tina Modotti, Manuel Alvarez Bravo" discusses modernism through the works of Edward Weston, Tina Modotti and Manuel Alvarez Bravo. Edward Weston’s career in photography lasted for a period of fifty years. He took his last photograph ten years before his death. The rest of his years were spent battling Parkinson’s disease. This artist was quite instrumental in capturing the Modernism era during the twentieth Century. Weston was best known for capturing the real essence of life. Most of his photographs were rather idealistic as he had the ability to bring out the full essence of life using his camera. Weston was particularly fond of using an eight by ten inch camera. This facilitated thorough inspection of life forms and was one of the basic influences on the Modernist era. However, the phase of Modernism cannot be represented by one particular style of photography. As a matter of fact, the same can be said of this particular artist. Weston’s career was not static; it transformed with the times. At the beginning, Weston began with a pastoralist period. However, Mexico changed all this because Weston spent a considerable period of life there. Afterwards, the latter country transformed his work into close images. Mexico made Weston get more interested in life form that included vegetables, landscapes and even nudes. Towards the end of his career, Weston changed his preferences and began doing complex images. Most of the latter pieces were don in California. Modernism as a form of art and photography is based upon the belief that particular objects need not be the main characters. Modernism allows for a number of objects to be used within an art form without making one stand out. This is exactly what Weston did towards the end of his career. This was the point at which Weston made a landmark contribution towards Modernist concepts. Using the influences form Mexico, Weston began making photographs that were fugal and mixed up. These images rarely had one particular subject at hand. He made use of natural objects such as see weeds and Rocks in order to achieve this. One can say that Weston had finally discovered who he really was. It is a known fact that most artists normally struggle with surrounding influences in order to forge their own style. It is indeed very evident that Weston underwent these struggles through the many phase of his career. But he finally discovered his true self after the abandonment of iconic pictures. During the f irst years of his career, Weston was particularly fond of centrality and unification of issues. These were all ideas that he forsook after he started taking more basic images. 2 It is also important to note that one of the outstanding issues in Weston's work was the fact that he seemed to take issue of printing very seriously. During the Modernist era, there was a serious respect for beautifully printed images. This is an aspect that Weston covered critically. For instance most of his prints are quite refined. He considered this aspect as the epitome of his work. Other artists may not be very interested in the printed versions of their work. Most of them may tend to focus on the theme of their work. The latter view is especially prominent in post modernist eras. Weston's manner of photography was unique to his work at that time. However, his methods became very famous later on. He influenced other artists in the Modernism era. For instance, he was one of the first artists to mount his camera on a tripod. He was also instrumental in making most photographers take up the use of large format negatives. Additionally, Weston was instrumental in ensuring that prints were

Recommendation for Incentive Programms and Plans Essay

Recommendation for Incentive Programms and Plans - Essay Example It is imperative to go through some of these drawbacks to ensure that they do not get in the way of the company’s development. One of the incentives introduced by a manager is that of having the employees receiving a promotion or a salary raise anytime that they produce results that appeal to the expectations of the manager (Muller, 2013). This is important in that most people get into the corporate arena with the aim of earning a lot of money for them to manage or rather improve their living styles. It is important to understand that this incentive has a drawback that revolves around it failing to have negativity. Negativity in this case is the employer does not impose any challenge to the employee if he or she fails to deliver appropriate jobs as expected. It is important to have this challenge as it makes the employee realize that there is a negative side to failure. One way through which to challenge this incentive is by ensuring that the employee is charged in the case of him or her failing to deliver appropriate work. One way through which to charge the employee is by having them deducted their commissions (Hartman, 2011). Commissioning is one of the ways through which employers motivate their employees as an incentive to have them work harder save from the monthly salary they receive. It is thus only fair to ensure that they are charged for poor performance by ensuring that part of their commission is actually deducted. Another incentive that employers have is buying or rather treating employees after they achieve certain goals. This is a very motivation appropriate plan as the employees get to work even more knowing that they will receive additional benefits. However, it is imperative to understand that increased working of the employees can create or rather creates the drawback of having them not providing quality work. In the contemporary environment, there is the issue of quality and quantity. The major drawback that

The Different Lifestyles Between an Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Essay Example for Free

The Different Lifestyles Between an Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Essay A person’s body that is physically dependent on alcohol is known as alcoholism. An alcoholic can be called an addict; someone who is addicted to alcohol. (More on the definition of â€Å"addict† is further in this essay). Alcoholism is a very serious illness that affects about 30 percent of people; 10 percent of women and 20 percent of men (Green Health Edition, Chapter8, page 222H). People all over the world and throughout history have used alcohol for every kind of social gatherings to religious ceremonies. It is said that alcohol enhances celebrations or special times; however, people have rarely ever thought about the impact alcohol can have. Research collected from the textbook, Green Health Edition, Chapter 8, page 222, even shows that very low levels of alcohol consumption may lower some health risks. However, while alcohol can sometimes play a positive role in some people’s lives (people who can control it); it needs to be remembered that it is a chemical substance that affects a person’s general personality and behavior. Alcoholism can affect individuals, as well as their families in a number of ways. Living a life of an alcoholic or a non-alcoholic is entirely a choice. Knowing the difference between an alcoholic lifestyle versus a sober lifestyle can hopefully help an individual make the right choice. Alcohol affects everyone on different levels, where one area may be more affected than another, depending on the alcoholic. Alcohol has a major negative impact on the individual as well as anyone else that is involved, and may need treatment to get their lives back to normal. The lifestyle of an alcoholic and non-alcoholic differentiates in many ways, ranging from family relations, to finances, to emotional/behavioral issues. Alcoholics can disrupt family life and cause harmful effects that can last a lifetime. Family interaction between an alcoholic differ majorly compared to family interaction involving a non-alcoholic. An alcoholic family or a family that has an alcoholic spouse or parent or parents suffers in many ways. If there is a celebration of any kind, the alcoholic will tend to bring alcohol to it, show up drunk or avoid going altogether. Drunkards will frequently withdraw themselves from family or social gatherings in order to commit more time to their drinking. Approximately 71 percent of drinkers have reported heavy alcohol consumption prior to attending a party, sporting event, or school-sponsored activity (Green Health Edition Chapter 8, page 223). This can ruin the celebration and cause emotional distress for the sober family members. A non-addict family will tend to have smooth running, well organized, have happy company at their celebrations or family gatherings. Another way a family can be affected by alcoholism is where a parent is the alcoholic. Most commonly, the majority of alcoholics are parents or those who have a similar type of framework of some sort in which they have the authority to be influential. Parental responsibilities are often ignored, leaving children to take care of themselves. This type of behavior creates an evident formula for catastrophe as toddlers, adolescents, and teenagers need embracive attention for adequate development. Children and young teens that see alcohol abuse tend to become more â€Å"susceptible to abusing alcohol themselves† (yourbesthealthcare. blogspot. com, para. 6) and at an early age. Parents can become verbally and physically abusive successfully cutting emotional ties that become relevantly involved with the family relationship and with their children and perhaps even spouse. This could lead to a divorce which causes even more emotional drama on young children. A non-alcoholic family is more prone to have a happy functional family. The children do better in school, behave better in social events, teens perform better academically, and will most likely not fall into the pattern of alcohol abuse. Those are the families whom are those that communicate with one another, work and compromise together, parent together, and the children have a safer and stable environment and foundation to grow up on. Alcoholics go through money just as fast as they do their alcohol. Fiscal disciplinary actions are almost unavoidable when a person develops an alcohol addiction. Just financially supporting the habit of drinking alcohol alone can off balance a family budget. An alcoholic may take money aside or hide spending money for the wanted alcohol. Some liquor can indeed be quite taxing to a budget, especially when an addict’s tolerance keeps growing. Alcoholics sometimes depend on other family members to step in and help with their finances. This is where family member can become the alcoholic’s enabler without realizing it. â€Å"Families are desperate to fix the drinker’s problem, to show them there is a better way to live, because one believes it will demonstrate how much they are loved and they will return the love† (Al-Anon Faces Alcoholism 2012, page 6). Sometimes alcoholics may steal possessions or money to support their addiction. Alcoholism can have a tremendous financial impact on an individual and families. With increased finances coming from the budget and going to the increased need for alcohol, â€Å"financial duties, such as bill payments, can be put at risk because it is necessary for the alcoholic to get a drink† (yourbesthealthcare. blogspot. com, para. 4). Besides money leaving the family budget, alcoholics can even put their job security at risk causing an inconsistency that generally is noticed by supervisors, which in turn are reported to the boss. This can cause frequent job changes and the loss of jobs, which causes the finances to fluctuate. Sometimes a person may use this for an excuse to drink even more because they cannot deal with the financial strains and stress. Not only does a person’s finance suffer from the wanted addiction itself, but also their pocket book’s hole can grow even bigger when you mix it with legal issues. There can be legal fees, higher insurance fees, court costs, fines, and if you are involved in an automobile accident and you get a DUI, you could face the cost of car repairs, medical bills or replacement costs. The financial pinch can hurt worse if the individual goes to jail or even loses their driver’s license. Losing a driver’s license can make it more difficult to keep or get a job. If your loved one, whether it is a son/daughter or a spouse, goes to jail or even, gets sentenced to an extensive rehabilitation facility, this, too, can cause financial strain. On top of losing the extra income through the now absent alcoholic, extra funds are needed to be placed on the individual’s book so they can order from Commissary, or make weekly phone calls that get expensive, and extra funds are also needed to travel to see your alcoholic, loved one. This all adds up and definitely adds to a major financial strain. â€Å"The fundamental activities of daily living and many of lifes chances to further ones economic standing are closely tied to an individuals current financial resources† (Pearlin Radabaugh, page 98, 1976). Sober families have a tendency to have better money management and are able to enjoy some of life’s finest things because they do not have money going to unwanted or unnecessary things, such as everything mentioned above. These are families and individuals who are able to rationally come up with financial goal plans, have the brain capacity to critical think, make effective decisions, and the ability to solve problems. They are able to prioritize goals and evaluate the importance of each while taking into consideration of the family and how they would affect them. Attitudes and values are more positive in this type of environment and most decisions are based on attitudes and values. As long as they are positive and healthy, then the outcome will be a healthy and positive one for the whole family. A big way that all families are affected by alcoholism is the alcoholic’s behavior, especially behind the wheel. Every family is affected by this, even families not involved in the alcoholic’s life. According to some research from the Green Health Edition textbook, Chapter 8, page 232, traffic accidents are the leading cause of death for all age groups from 5 to 45 years old and in 2008 nearly 32 percent of traffic fatalities involved at least one driver who was under the influence of alcohol. That is about 11,773 alcohol impaired driving fatalities in just one year. This survey represents an average of one alcohol-related fatality approximately every 45 minutes. About 49 percent of alcohol-related crashes were reported during the weekends, the days where most families go out to spend some quality family time, and it is said that the majority of alcohol-related fatal crashes occur at night compared to during the day, as well as the day or days of the week. According to: Drinking and Driving: Chapter Three, Alcohol and Its Consequences- Drinking and Driving Laws Insurance Institute of Indiana, an influenced driver has a risk of the likelihood of dying in a single vehicle crash is more than 382 times higher than for a nondrinker. Research from A. R. Phoenix Resources, Inc. finds that around 10 percent to 25 percent of drinkers report drinking to get psychological relief; to regulate negative emotion. It is said that most alcoholics drink because they are depressed, trying to hide certain unwanted emotions, or even suppress trauma from the past or present. The reason alcoholics drink varies from one drinker to the next, and the list can be endless. Why they drink is not too important, it is how they handle themselves. According to the 1996 A. R. Phoenix Resources Inc.an inmate workbook titled A New Freedom, section A Guide to Using Your New Coping Skills, there is a flow of events that lead to inappropriate behavior for individuals who go through negative emotions or do not know how to cope with them in a positive manner. The first stage is â€Å"Vulnerabilities†. These areas can put the alcoholic at risk, especially when he/she is not feeling very lovable, capable or worthwhile. It also includes discomfort with their own physical appearance, or health, unresolved or unaccepted issues of grief, anger, anxiety, or traumas. Next, is â€Å"Triggers†. A specific trigger, which can be an event or a thought (this includes people, places, things, and situations), can hit an individual in the most vulnerability spot. The next step is â€Å"Stinking Thinking†. Not everyone reacts appropriately to events or triggers. The way an individual may perceive an event may be faulty. It is common to overreact to certain triggers. Alcoholics tend to create unnecessary problems for themselves because of this. The fourth step is â€Å"Uncomfortable Feelings†. When an alcoholic thinks about these events, one may experience uncomfortable feelings, such as loneliness, anger, anxiety, sadness, or shame. These are normal feelings, but people choose to deal with them appropriately or in a dangerous fashion. Alcoholics will try to drink to forget about or wash away these feelings, where a non-alcoholic will tend to work through emotions and handle them positively. Then, â€Å"Isolation† is next. It often helps to talk about these feelings with others. If an individual is physically or emotionally isolated, then they have no help. This is where one will turn to drinking. Sometimes the isolation is deliberate; people have guilty secrets and stay away from others so the secrets do not get discovered. Next is the need for â€Å"Control†. It is common to feel the need to gain more control in our lives. People try to control the uncomfortable feelings and symptoms, but occasionally this means to control or manipulate relationships or the environment to create feelings of comfort or to reduce the discomfort. The eighth step in the cycle is the â€Å"Set-Up†. At this stage alcoholics have not fixed anything yet. An alcoholic will usually think about how they can seek relief for the discomfort- or seek a positive feeling (getting drunk) to deal with emotional issues. A non-alcoholic will tend to think how they can use positive coping skills at this point. Next is the â€Å"Behavior†. This is where the thoughts are put into action. People achieve relief for the discomfort through behavior. For an alcoholic, the relief is only temporary. The real problem was never addressed and this can cause additional problems. Alcoholics then, normally, face guilt afterwards. An individual may recognize that they have a problem and realize that they had made a mistake (again) and will deal with their feelings of guilt by justifying, rationalizing, or making promises to themselves or others, all while pretending everything is normal. An alcoholic typically thinks oneself is â€Å"fine†; thus they will continue on with their life with the additional vulnerability of having failed again. This pattern repeats itself again and again; it becomes a cycle. When a non-alcoholic faces this similar stage of emotional issues, they are typically more capable of handling the issues in a more effective way. They plan ahead on how to avoid temptations of making themselves feel better and avoid difficult situations. They tend to slow down, recognize what their feelings are telling them and they give themselves better options. Instead of drinking, one may choose to do breathing techniques, relaxation techniques, prayer, or seek out a supportive friend that they can talk with. Non-alcoholics have a different perspective on life and are able to focus on what is important. They are stronger and more capable at standing up for themselves and to themselves. They are able to love and accept themselves and others, and are able to keep their life, thoughts and feelings in balance. ‘People who are alcoholics are considered to be addicts; addicted to alcohol. According to Carl Jung, addiction is a spiritual illness, a spiritual search. One of the most poignant descriptions of addiction is found in Kahlil Gibran’s poem, â€Å"Jesus Knocking at the Gates of Heaven†. Addicts mean to go one place, and finishing in another. According to Dr. Carl Jung, they mean to find God. In a letter to Bill W. , the founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, Jung wrote regarding a patient. â€Å"His craving for alcohol was the equivalent, on a low level, of the spiritual thirst of our being for wholeness, expressed in medieval language: the union with God. † Jung went on to explain, â€Å"You see ‘alcohol’ in Latin is spiritus, and you see the same word for the highest religious experience as well as for the most depraving poison. The helpful formula therefore is: â€Å"spiritus contra spiritum† meaning, exchanging the ‘spirit of alcohol’ for the ‘spiritual awakening’ of Alcoholics Anonymous. In truth, most using addicts have to be â€Å"lifted up† by some outside force, family, friends, and society – to be restored to good health and healing. People need to know that even for those who seem initially not to want it, and some might say deserve it, recovery is possible’ (Jeanette McDougal, Addiction is a Spiritual Illness 2009). ‘Despite growing recognition of our national alcohol problem, fewer than 10 percent of alcoholics in the United States receive any care. Factors contributing to this low figure include inability or unwillingness to admit to an alcohol problem; the social stigma attached to alcoholism; breakdowns in referral and delivery systems (failure of physicians or psychotherapists to follow up on referrals, failure of clients to follow through with recommended treatments, or failure of rehabilitation facilities to give quality care), and failure of the professional medical establishment to recognize and diagnose alcoholic symptoms among patients. Most problem drinkers who seek help have experienced a turning point: A spouse walks out, taking children and possessions; the boss issues an ultimatum too dry out or ship out. Devoid of hope, physically depleted, and spiritually despairing, the alcoholic finally recognizes that alcohol controls his or her life. The first steps on the road to recovery are to regain that control and to assume responsibility for personal actions’ (Journal of Health and Social Behavior, (Dec 1994): pages 291-308). Alcohol kills more people under age 21 than cocaine, marijuana, and heroin combined (Green Health Edition Chapter8, page 223). The fact is, alcohol is a drug, and if it is not used responsibly, it can become dangerous. The lifestyle of an alcoholic and non-alcoholic differentiates in many ways, ranging from family relations, to finances, to emotional/behavioral issues. Alcoholism has negative effects on family relations. Emotional, physical, and even spiritual bonds can be broken. Divorces can happen and if there are children involved, they may pick up the habit at an early age. If a family’s reliance on financial needs is jeopardized in anyway by the alcoholic’s so-called â€Å"needs†, can cause a burden a family may not be able to handle. The alcoholism illness leaves the inability for the addict to provide for the family to the same standard of a non-alcoholic is drastically decreased, depriving the family of necessities. Alcoholism effects families by the individual’s choice of behavior because of emotional issues, however this affects the individual more so than the family. Alcoholics drink for many reasons, which are not important, but the self-destructing behavior is. Addicts tend to get themselves into a repeating cycle that will not end until they get help. Having the education on the effects of alcoholism can hopefully help aid a person to choose to live a non-alcoholic lifestyle. Alcoholics Anonymous as well as alcohol treatment provides a humane, successful second chance to lead a healthy, productive, alcohol free life. References: *Al-Anon Faces Alcoholism 2012 -brochure booklet *A New Freedom, 1996 A. R. Phoenix Resources Inc. : A Guide to Using Your New Coping Skills-an inmate handout worksheet/workbook from NEACC *A New Freedom, 1999 A. R. Phoenix Resources Inc. ; Healthy Relationships and Healthy Boundaries-an inmate handout worksheet/workbook from NEACC * Author Peirce, Robert S; Frone, Michael R; Russell, Marcia; Cooper, M Lynne Publication title: Journal of Health and Social BehaviorVolume 35Issue 4Pages 291-308Number of pages 18 Publication year 1994 Publication date Dec 1994 Title: Relationship and financial *Carl Jung, Letter to Bill W., founder of AA. AA Grapevine. January 1968 *Catalano, Ralph, David Dooley, Geojeanna Wilson, and Richard Hough.1993. Job Loss and Alcohol Abuse: A Test Using Data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 34:215-25. *CHAPTER 8 | ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO |GREEN HEALTH EDITION 223 M. *How Does Alcoholism Affect Families? | eHow. com By Remy Lo, eHow Contributor *How Drug Addiction and Alcoholism Affect Your Finances by erika.eHow. com *Jeanette McDougal an inmate handout on â€Å"Addiction is A Spiritual Illness† 2009 *Kessler, Ronald C. 1979. Stress, Social Status, and Psychological Distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 20:259-72. *Miss. Carter who is the head director of NEACC and has been for the past ten years *Voydanoff, Patricia and Brenda W. Donnelly. 1988. Economic Distress, Family Coping, and Quality of Family Life. Pp. 97-116 *yourbesthealthcare. blogspot. com.

Case Study Research Essay Example for Free

Case Study Research Essay Case One: Barsz v. Max Shapiro, Inc. Ind. Ct. App. 600 N.E.2d 151 (1992) Fact: Marjorie Barsz brought negligence action against Shapiro’s Delicatessen Cafeteria to recover for personal injuries sustained when she slipped and fell, breaking her right ankle and left knee cap. Her husband, Carl Barsz brought action against the restaurant for loss of consortium with his wife due to Mrs. Barsz’s injuries. The Circuit Court of Shelby County granted summary judgment for the restaurant, and the plaintiffs appealed. The Court of Appeals of Indiana, First District held that genuine issues of material facts existed and reversed the summary judgment. Issue: Was Shapiro’s Delicatessen Cafeteria negligent in identifying and remedying the condition of the floor in the restaurant, causing Marjorie Barsz’s accident? Rule: GOLBA v. KOHL’S DEPT. STORE, INC. Ind. Ct. App. 585 N.E.2d 14 (1992) Analysis: To avoid summary judgment, Marjorie Barsz had to show that there was a defective condition in the floor of the restaurant which caused her slip and fall, and that the restaurant unreasonably failed to discover and remedy the hazardous condition. Genuine material facts existed which precluded summary judgment for the restaurant. Summary judgment is generally inappropriate in negligence cases. Trial Procedure Rule 56(C) Conclusion: A restaurant cannot be held strictly liable for a fall that occurred before having a reasonable chance to remove a foreign substance from its floor; restaurant as not the absolute guarantor of customer safety. However, summary judgment cannot be granted when a genuine material fact exists. Case Two: Golba v. Kohl’s Dept. Store, Inc. Ind. Ct. App. 585 N.E.2d 14 (1992) Facts: Plaintiff Stella Golba brought negligence action against defendant Kohl’s Department Store stemming from a slip and fall accident. Ms. Golba stepped on a small object on a glossy floor, causing her to trip and fall. The floor had only been swept once on the morning of the accident. The Circuit Court of Starke County granted the store’s motion for summary judgment, and the plaintiff appealed. The Court of Appeals of Indiana, Third District held that material issues of fact existed and reversed the summary judgment. Issue: Was Kohl’s Department Store negligent in maintaining their floors in a safe condition for patrons? Rule: BURRELL v. MEADS Ind. 569 N.E.2d 637 (1991) Analysis: A land owner is subject to liability for physical harm caused to his invitees by a condition on the land if, but only if, he knows or exercising reasonable care would discover the condition, and should realize that it is an unreasonable risk of harm to invitees, and should expect that they will not realize the danger, or will not protect themselves against it, and fails to exercise reasonable care to protect them against the danger. Normally, determining whether the host has exercised reasonable care to make their premises safe for an invitee is a question of fact for a jury. Conclusion: Sweeping of a floor only once in the morning does not constitute exercise of reasonable care to prevent injury to customers from objects left in the floor. The issue of fact as to whether the store had notice of the object in the floor precluded a summary judgment.

A Reflection of Fashion

A Reflection of Fashion A Reflection of Fashion â€Å"We live not according to reasons, but according to fashion.† Without fashion, people live without the light of humanity. Fashion creates different color and style through clothes, pants, jewelries, shoes, bags, and other goods. It definitely makes life meaningful, brighter, more emotional, and more beautiful. In addition, fashion is not just clothes but it is the most fragile art and can form pop culture. The world has been changing through the fashion trends since the 1950s until nowadays, the popularity of fashion magazines and eco-fashion, and the interactions among fashion, music and sports. Due to the baby boom in the 1950s, there was a high demand of clothing for children and women. First let me talk about the real meaning of â€Å"Baby Boom.† A baby boomer is a person who was born during the Post-World War II. A group, they were believed to be the healthiest and wealthiest generation during that time, and among the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time. One of the unique features of boomers was that they tended to think of themselves as â€Å"a special generation,† very different from those that had come before. In the 1960s, as the relatively large numbers of young people created a very specific rhetoric around their group. This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers, as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations, which was a relatively new phenomenon. Seventy-six million American babies were born between 1946 and 1960, representing followers that would be significan t on account of its size alone. This cohort shared characteristics like higher rates of participation in higher education than previous generations and an assumption of lifelong prosperity and entitlement developed during their childhood in the 1950s. The age wave theory suggests to an economic slowdown when the boomers start retiring during 2007-2009. Boomers were coming of age and influenced many people at the same time across the world. For instance, Britain was undergoing Beatlemania while people in the United States were driving over to Woodstock, organizing against the Vietnam War, or fighting and dying in the same war; boomers in Italy were dressing in mod clothes and buying the world a Coke; boomers in India were seeking new philosophical discoveries; American boomers in Canada had just found a new home and escaped the draft. Also, the boomers found that their music, most notably rock and roll, was another expression of their generational identity. Transistor radios were personal devices that allowed teenagers to listen to â€Å"The Beatles† and â€Å"The Motown Sound.† Those group musicians inspired their listener to follow their step include fashion and behavior. For example, young girls wore dresses and young boys wore jeans and t-shirts. The Beatles musical innovations, as well as their commercial success, inspired musicians worldwide (Big Star: The Story of Rocks Forgotten Band). A large number of artists have acknowledged â€Å"The Beatles† as an influence or have had chart successes with â€Å"covers of Beatles songs.† On radio, the arrival of The Beatles marked the beginning of a new era; program directors like Rick Sklar of New Yorks WABC went as far as forbidding DJs from playing any pre-Beatles music (Fisher, Marc, 2007). The â€Å"Shea Stadium† which they op ened their â€Å"1965 North American Tour† attracted what was then the largest audience in concert history and is seen as a landmark event in the growth of the rock crowd. Emulation of their clothing and especially their hairstyles, which became a mark of rebellion, had a global impact on fashion (Gould, Jonathan, 2008). More broadly, The Beatles changed the way people listened to popular music and experienced its role in their lives. From what began as the Beatle mania fad, the group grew to be perceived by their young fans across the industrialized world as the representatives, even the personification, of ideals associated with cultural transformation. As icons of the 1960s counterculture, they became a channel for bohemianism and activism in various social and political arenas, fueling such movements as womens liberation, gay liberation and environmentalism. After the World War II, women craved for femininity, glamour, sexiness style and the use of synthetic material.Dior fulfilled all the dreams of the feminine woman in the early 50s. In 1947, Christian Dior presented a fashion look of material was a bold and shocking stroke.His style used yards of fabric.Approximately ten yards was used for early styles.Later Dior used up to eighty yards for newer refinements that eliminated bulk at the waist. The New Look and new approach to fashion was a major post war turning point in Fashion History. Diors timing made his name in fashion history. After the war women longed for lightheartedness in dress and desired feminine clothes that did not look like a civilian version of a military uniform (fiftiesweb.com). Life magazine called Dior as the New Look in 1947.Evening versions of the New Look were very glamorous and consisted of strapless boned tops with full skirts and were ultra feminine. Diors New Look dominated the fashion world for about ten years, but was not the only silhouette of the era.In 1956 was the year that introduced visible changes that separate the early fifties from the late fifties. It places that fashion era firmly alongside the stuffy formality of the forties, while putting the post 1956 period firmly into the start of the lively live style, anything goes sixties fashion period, often dominated by the young of the day. There were those in the 1950s that rebelled against the perfect groomed look, so often associated with Grace Kelly elegance. Leslie Caron and Audrey Hepburn both often wore simple black sweaters, flat shoes and gold hoop earrings coupled with short haircuts. They gave a continental alternative often described as chic and had many fashion followers seeking to embrace the modern. As a new, more open-minded society evolved, women moved to more relaxed clothes instead of wore dress rules that were associated with formality for decades. Marilyn Monroe appeared in the 1950s and became a fashion legend. Marilyn Monroe personified Hollywood glamour with an unparalleled glow and energy that charmed the world. Her swaying hips made her more attractive and seductive, which increased her sexual appeal. Her natural hourglass body was perfect for the 1950s where womanly curves were the desirable body image of the fashion era that made her as a 50s sex goddess. Her apparent vulnerability and innocence, in combination with a natural sensuality, has endeared her to the global consciousness. She dominated the age of movie stars to become, without question, the most famous woman of the 20th Century. Her ideal body would be considered too heavy by todays beauty standards. However, her image is still popular in the 20th century. At the beginning of 1960s, the fashion style was similar to 1950s. Jacqueline Kennedy became the â€Å"lady like† trendsetter for the first half of sixties where there were clean suits, sleeveless A-line dresses, pillbox hat, and also gloves (Drake.Marin.k12.ca.us). She was the wife of the 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy, and served as First Lady during his presidency from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. During her husbands presidency, Jacqueline Kennedy became a symbol of fashion for women all over the world. She hired French-born American fashion designer and Kennedy family friend, Oleg Cassini, in the fall of 1960 to create an original wardrobe for her as First Lady. From 1961 to late 1963, Cassini dressed her in many of her most iconic fashion, including her Inauguration Day fawn coat and Inaugural gala gown as well as many outfits for her visits to Europe, India and Pakistan. Her clean suits, sleeveless A-line dresses and famous pillbox hats we re an overnight success around the world and became known as the Jackie look. Although Cassini was her primary designer, she also wore ensembles by French fashion legends such as Chanel, Givenchy, and Dior. More than any other First Lady her style was copied by commercial manufacturers and a large segment of young women (firstladies.org). In the years after the White House, her style changed dramatically. Gone were the modest campaign wife clothes. Wide-leg pantsuits, large lapel jackets, silk Hermes head scarves and large, round, dark sunglasses were her new look. She often chose to wear brighter colors and patterns and even began wearing jeans in public. (Jackie Kennedy: Post-Camelot Style). She also experimented with different styles, often wearing a large amount of jewelry, hoop earrings with her hair pulled back, and gypsy skirts. In the 1959, the U.S. government declared the war on Vietnam. This became the turning point for youth culture to reject this idea of war because it was a sign of rebellion to kill many innocent people. The idea encouraged youths to be involved in demonstrating the theme of â€Å"freedom† toward songs and the most important was the fashion styles. The style was called the â€Å"hippie† or â€Å"flower children† in which both genders wore similar clothing such as tight Levis bell-bottoms that flared wide at the knee, and were covered with decorated patches (Fiftiesweb.com). Men and women wore their individual garments such as leather vests over bare chests or tee shirts and dressy loose blouses (Fiftiesweb.com). Tune In, Turn On, and Drop Out was the motto of the hippie movement, a significant countercultural phenomenon in the 1960s and early 1970s that grew partially out of young Americas growing disillusionment with U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Hippies w ere mainly white teenagers and young adults who shared a hatred and distrust towards traditional middle-class values and authority. They rejected political and social orthodoxies but embraced aspects of Eastern religions, particularly Buddhism. Many hippies also saw hallucinogenic drugs, such as marijuana and LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), as the key to escaping the ties of society and expanding their individual consciousness. The immediate precursor to the hippies was the so-called Beat Generation of the late 1950s, including the poet Allen Ginsberg, who became a hippie hero. But where the coolly intellectual, black-clad beats tended to keep a low profile and stay out of politics, the hippies were known as much for their political outspokenness as for their long hair and colorful psychedelic clothing. To express their protests, and to â€Å"turn on† others, the hippies used art, street theater and particularly music. Folk music and psychedelic rock-the Beatles album Serge ant Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band was a prime example for both crucial aspect of hippie culture. This culture reached its peak in the summer of 1967, when a concert in San Fransiscos Golden Gate Park kicked off the start of the so-called â€Å"Summer of Love.† The event introduced the music and culture of the hippies to a wider audience and inspired thousands of young people around the country. In 1969, more than 500,000 people attended the Woodstock Music and Art Festival in New York, and event that symbolized the best aspect of the hippie movement. There was also a dark side to the hippie culture. A time magazine reported from San Fransiscos public health director saying that the city was paying $35,000 per month for treatment for drug abuse for 10,000 hippies (history.com). Therefore, the â€Å"hippies† style clothes was much more popular among teenagers because both sexes could express the similar idea and fashion compared to â€Å"lady-like† trend in which it only concentrated on female with showing good-manner lifestyle. The theme of â€Å"freedom† continued to be the most important fashion statement in the 1970s where it promoted disco and punk style. Many teenagers during this time period came to clubs to socialize with other teenagers. The outfits that they wore included gold lame, leopard skin, stretch halter jumpsuits, and white clothes that glowed in ultra violet light to capture the 70s disco fashion perfectly (Fashion-Era.com). To counter social stylish fashion, another theme appeared for the â€Å"rebellious† adolescent called the â€Å"punk† style, which was known as an anti-fashion. Punk clothes suited the lifestyle of lower class, and communicated through ripped jeans, torn t-shirts, and random haircut (Fashion-Era.com). When compared, one seemed respectable and wholesome, while the other made the wearer seem like a homeless person. In 1980s â€Å"Glamorous† became the main theme as the television show â€Å"Dynasty† appeared and inspired over 250 million viewers around the world. This show influenced especially female audiences to dress lavishly and use both fine and costume jewelry (Ultimatedynasty.net). This idea portrait was to spend a large amount of money in order to show off ones economics status. Moreover, most women wore shoulder pads with such ornaments as diamond, pearl, and gold chain. Dynasty the 1980s television fantasy soap series promoted fashions which enlarged the shoulder. One of the main characters was played by the naturally broad shouldered film star Linda Evans. Nolan Miller, the Dynasty film set costume designer decided to go with her big shoulders and gave slight emphasized to them. Every other actor had to be shoulder padded, but with more depth to match her shoulder. Many who watched did so for a look at the 80s fashions which were always over the top and frankly camp. 1 980s fashion favored applied decoration on suits and T-shirts and beadwork on clothing which all pandered to the ideals of a time of conspicuous consumption.The 1980s was a time of greed and individuals living a lie that they had everything whether it be fashion, champagne or property. Many fell into debt as the only way to acquire an 80s lifestyle for many was via the credit card. Lavish used of both fine and costume jewelers was worn day and night on the show and it drifted into mainstream fashion. Big, almost huge gilt fashion earrings several centimeters across drew attention to faces drowning in shoulder pads. Stones could be fake or real. Diamante, pearls and gold chains were intended to tell the rest of the world you had arrived. The women in Dynasty wore all the trimmings of jewellery along with a wide range of lavish covetable underwear and lingerie (fashionera.com). Similiarly, the concept inspired the male fashion style. For instance, Michael Jackson in The Thriller was the sixth studio album by American recording artist Michael Jackson. The album was released on November 30, 1982 by Epic Records as the followed-up to Jacksons critically and commercially successful 1979 album Off the Wall. Thriller explored similar genres to those of Off the Wall, including funk, disco, soul, RB, and pop. Thrillers lyrics dealed with themes included paranoia and the supernatural. With a production budget of $750,000, recording sessions took place between April and November 1982 at Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California (thelakestudio.com). Assisted by producer Quincy Jones, Jackson wrote four of Thrillers nine tracks. In just over a year, Thriller became—and currently remains—the best-selling album of all time, with estimated sales between 70-110 million copies worldwide, as well as the best-selling album in the United States (thel akestudio.com). Thriller ranked number 20 on Rolling Stone magazines 500Greatest Albums of All Time list in 2003, and was listed by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers at number three in its Definitive200Albums of All Time. Thriller was preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry, as it was deemed culturally significant. Such clothing that Jackson wore red, black leather pants and jackets, one glove, and sunglasses influenced male to follow Jacksons style (Fashion-Era.com). Moreover, The Miami Vice also inspired gentleman to wear colorful shirts with expensive suits. Miami Vice was an American television series produced by Michael Mann for NBC. The show became noted for its heavy integration of music and visual effects to tell a story. The series starred by Don Johnson and Phillip Michael Thomas as two Metro-Dade Police Department detectives working undercover in Miami. It ran for five seasons on NBC from 1984-1989. Unlike standard police procedurals, the show drew heavily upon 1980s New Wave culture and music. It is recognized as one of the most influential television series of all time. People magazine stated that Miami Vice was the first show to look really new and different since color TV was invented† (nbc.com). The clothes worn on Miami Vice had a significant influence on mens fashion. They popularized, if not invented, the T-shirt under Armani jacket-style, and popularized Italian mens fashion in the United States. Don Johnsons typical lin eup of Italian sport coat, T-shirt, white linen pants, and slip-on sockless loafers became a hit. Even Crocketts unshaven appearance sparked a minor fashion trend, inspiring men to wear a small amount of beard stubble, also known as a five oclock shadow (or designer stubble) at all times (New York Times). On an average episode, Crockett and Tubbs wore five to eight outfits, appearing in shades of pink, blue, green, peach, fuchsia and the shows other approved colors. Designers such as Vittorio Ricci, Gianni Versace, and Hugo Boss were consulted in keeping the male looking trendy. Costume designer Bambi Breakstone, who traveled to Milan, Paris, and London in search of new clothes, testified that, The concept of the show is to be on top of all the latest fashion trends in Europe.† Jodi Tillen, the costume designer for the first season, along with Michael Mann set the style. The abundance of pastel colors on the show reflected Miamis Art-deco architecture. During its five-year run , consumer demanded for unconstructed blazers, shiny fabric jackets, and lighter pastels increased. After Six formal wore even created a line of Miami Vice dinner jackets, Kenneth Cole introduced Crockett and Tubbs shoes, and Macys opened a Miami Vice section in its young mens department. Crockett also boosted Ray Bans popularity by wearing a pair of Ray-Ban Wayfarer (Model L2052, Mock Tortoise), which increased sales of Ray Bans to 720,000 units in 1984. Many of the styles popularized by the TV show, such as the t-shirt under pastel suits, no socks, rolled up sleeves, and Ray-Ban sunglasses, have today become the standard image of 1980s culture. The influence of Miami Vices fashions continued into the early 1990s, and to some extent still persists today. Therefore, those trends imitated the audience to dress like the famous movie stars on screen. As the result â€Å"glamour† trend for female and male was the most principal fashion in nineties to show the more expensive stuff people put on their dress to be look alike famous icon celebrities the more stylish they will be. Similarly to â€Å"freedom† fashion style in the sixties and seventies, the term â€Å"expression† became the slogan of the nineties. The mood of society in the final decade of the last millennium was more defining than what was actually worn. So much more was on offer globally, and many people lost interest in fashion as necessary and important to their lives when business rules for dressing relaxed. Working from home became common. By the edge of the 21st century dressing down in every aspect of life became an acceptable norm. Ordinary retail clothing sales, textile manufacturing industries and stores all declined from a less active more casual marketplace. The range of fashion goods available was huge in the 1990s, but no one knows the real answer why retail sales were often slow-moving. The main driving force of fashion was the striving to achieve individuality. Fashion increased as fast as it could be relayed by the media and Internet and only by styling oneself r ather than slavishly following a particular designers fashion look, could individuality be achieved. Rapid distribution of information and a more relaxed attitude to clothes has led to a certain inevitable uniformity in cities thousands of miles apart. The consuming years of the 1980s less became more in the 1990s. Not everyone adopted minimalism, but many did as they sought to blend and fit with an increasingly aggressive urban society. For instance, the silhouette became neater as shoulder pads finally died and jewellery became non existent or chic in its fineness and barely there quality. People ensured that designers of today are likely to be influenced by street fashion. But all too frequently they pick up an idea at the street level source. They have an eye to global commercial profits from effect on their ready to wear ranges. This makes for a lack of creativity as clothes develop homogenized uniformity. In a market saturated with retail outlets, clothing sales have been falling. The consumer simply has too many shopping places to choose from, so spending power gets spread very thinly between all the outlets or directed to specific branded goods. Moreover, the view towards millennium or dressing down became widely known when many people lost interest in fashion. However, this situation made people come up with a trend called the minimalist style such as mini skirt, or tank top. Moreover, there appeared punk or gothic style in which both females and males wore black clothing, used make up, spiky hair, black pants, and color hair. The variety of colors was also popular during this time period as a way to express peoples feelings. For example, people wore red t-shirts to show happiness, and wore blue for relaxation. Thus, the idea to express themselves and to present their feeling toward colors became the most important style during the 1990s. Fashions today is still affected by the trends from 1950s-1990s. It becomes the primary role for peoples lives because in essence, it reflects who people really are. Fashion has become a most important component to pop culture in every country. Individual values and social issues are often portrayed in the types and styles of clothing people wear. Susan Kaieser, a professor at University of California, stated that historically fashion has been influenced by subcultures and racial/ethnic communities (Worldandi.com). Fashion is marketed to appeal to the consumers and to create a desire to purchase new trends, despite the reality that there is not actual need for new clothing. Environmentalists have recognized the excess spending on clothing ‘needs. People have sought to purchase the trend in order to stay in style for generations. Environmentalists have begun placing responsibility on society. This enlightenment makes consumers and industries pay more special attention to the env ironmental danger and over indulgence that clothing might create. In order to be a part of resolving environmental problems, ideas have stimulated a new way of manufacturing and purchasing a product. This trend has brought attention to the way industries should be marketed a product in an environmentally healthy way. This development is labeled eco-fashion (Beard, 449). Eco-fashion, thoughtful to the way a product was generated, despite the environmental or human expenses, became more of a social issue. Now, manufactures feel the need to assemble a product that is trendy of good quality, yet not exploiting to any natural or human resource. Concentration on developing a great product required more than just a focus on the end result. Natalie Domeisen (2006) reports that the United Nations is promoting products that committed to using organic cotton, minimum labor standards, and using recycled materials to manufacture a new product (13). Even though the materials are altered, the sophistication of the product is not. To complete the sophisticated shopping look, some industries have created accessories that are re-usable shopping bags (Beard, 449). Thus, the new concept was to repl ace the non environmental throw away plastic bags. All of those new industry changes reflect trends popular to eco-fashion. Purchasing a product that is considered to represent eco-fashion allows the consumer to become a part of solving the global environmental issues. Clothing made with organic cotton and minimum labor standards create job opportunities that would change economic issues in other countries. The 1980s brought huge attention to the development on the conditions it took to provide a product to the consumer (Beard, 450-1). Companies that modify the production techniques by avoiding sweatshops and animal experimentation discover that their product is more marketable to the consumer. Another newer tradition that has been practiced by many cultures is shopping at vintage and second hand shops. In previous decades, the idea of purchasing second-hand clothing was considered mostly by low-income families or students on a fixed budget (Beard, 457). The current trend has become the thrill of discovering a brand name piece of clothing, still in good condition, for an extremely discounted price. The negative aspect is that the selection is usually limited; however, this creates opportunities to add unique pieces to ones wardrobe. What once was considered embarrassing, shopping at a second hand store, has now become socially acceptable. Choosing to purchase vintage and second had clothing has become more than a new fashion trend. It has become influential to the society of the culture. Fashion trends consist of more than just where a consumer shops. Trends are shaped by how the consumer shops. A new shopping development has become popular and it has become a new twist on an old concept: using magazines. Sogo, Metro, Matahari and other popular retail stores have provided catalogs that allow products to be bought without ever having to leave the convenience of home. Now fashion magazines such as Oriflame, Sophie Martin, and others have begun to adapt to this same idea. Fashions magazines are beginning to be created for basic shopping knowledge to the consumer without all of the extra articles. The traditional fashion magazines provided opportunities to browse and to dream what they would look like wearing the fashion that was most current and popular. However, these magazines did little to provide consumers with the knowledge of where to purchase the product. Today, professional women do not have the time to browse, and they are more concerned with where they can pu rchase the product at the best deal, instead of the traditional mall browsing (Aster, 22). Magazine editors have recognized the need for convenience. The new trend in fashion magazines is seen in the publication of Lucky and Fashion Shop. The focus of these magazines of concentrated on consumers that have income of $50,000 or more. These magazines are high quality and more about the product and very effective (Aster, 22). Fashion promotions printed in these magazines have proven to be very expensive. The cost for an advertiser to place a one page ad can vary from $4000 to $61000 (Aster, 22). However, the effectiveness and concentration on a specific demographic of consumers, outweighs the expense. Magazines created to promote fashion are publicized around the world. The trends from different cultures are absorbed into foreign cultures. Information on new fashion styles and products send the idea that this new trend is very important. It is seen in the Russian society that the model of what was traditional has changed. A famous Russian magazine, Kresti ‘Yanka (â€Å"Peasant Woman†), in the past had published knitting patterns, recipes and family life advice; now the magazine includes articles on weight loss, skin care, love advice, and fashion styles (Merridale, 32). Ten years ago, Russian consumers would not have been able to purchase products easily from around the world. The emphasis on popular trends was not as bold. In todays culture, the fashion style influences most areas of daily life (Merridale, 32). Russian women and teenage girls desire to imitate the fashions that are most popular. Personal choices of style to women have become common. No longer do the desires of the old exist. Although narrow minded from the older generation and poverty within the country are still present in Russia, the consumers are entering the 20th century embracing new trends in fashion. Poverty and fashion do not seem to be two words that should be included in the same sentence. However, it is seen how the evolution of both are transforming the world. Aside from poverty and fashion, the world is also affected by the interaction among music, sports and fashion. With modern forms of media such as internet, cable televisions, and DVDs, fashion really spreads its influences into every country around the world. Fashion and music are two important factors that enrich pop culture. Music influences fashion, and fashion trends define each type of music. Fashion helps musicians express their personalities and their unique style. Standing out from the others is the most important things to the musicians since being different always impresses the audience. For example, Elvis Presleys out of ordinary style dominated fashion trend in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s with tight jump, wildly colorful suits whipped around, and long fit jeans. Elviss style is considered one of the most remarkable influences of music to fashion. Everybody loved not only his music, but also his unique fashion sense. Also, in Sonya Rehmans writing about the interaction between music and fashion Tracing Trends of Fashion through Music, Elton John is famous for the suits, crazy hats, dark glasses and rings. The Beatles get up reflected their music- with their bowl-shaped, identical haircuts, and their suits bobbing their heads in unison. Black lipsticks, colored contact lens with freak get-ups are Marilyn Mansons fashion style. Kiss defined the fashion trend of super hero-ish costumes, black and white bat-inspired make-up and glittery go-go boots. Also, Poison, Whitesnake, and Gun n Roses, men with razor- cut fringes, long hair, leather pants, makeup and bling was st andard. (Sonya Rehman 2007). In conclusion, fashion has made an impact on music, no matter how small or large, it creates the connection between music and style. Therefore, fashion and music are inseparable. Not only does music affect fashion trends, but fashion also influences music, especially hip-hop which has seemed to go hand in hand with fashion. In her writing about hip-hop generation Rap and Race: Its Got a Nice Beat, But what About the Message?, Rachel Sullivan wrote, â€Å" Seventy-eight percent of adolescent said that baggy clothes were in, 76% said pro sports apparel was in, and 69% said hooded sweatshirts were in.† (Sullivan 241). Moreover, people can find a variety of famous labels in hip-hop songs such as Calvin Klein, Perry Ellis, Ralph Lauren, Prada, Chanel, or Adidas. For instance, in the song Lil Kim and Notorious B.I.G sing in the song Drug, â€Å"My flows first class and yours is Coach like the bag, the Prada mama, my girls rock Chanel and smoke marijuana, admiring my shoes by Gucci,† (Kitty Ryan). Since hip-hop is becoming more and more popular in pop culture, it is definitely one of the best tools to advertise fashion. That famous fashion brands appe ar more often in hip-hop proves how popular and important fashion is. Undoubtedly, fashion and music are irreplaceable factors since they interact with each other to become a voice to speak to the world of pop culture. Besides music, fashion has dramatic influences on sports. In fact, sportswear has a greater global impact than high fashion since sports is one of the most important areas in pop culture. Fashion not only makes people more comfortable and confident when playing sports, but also makes sports it more stylish and trendy. Back in the early 1920s, sports fashion became popular, especially in golf and tennis. By 1917 Vogue urged women to put their overskirts in a shoulder bag once on a mountain slope. In his writing about the sports fashion C20th Sports Costume and Sports Dress Fashion History to 1960, P

American Flag Desecration is Treasonous! Essay -- Argumentative Persua

American Flag Desecration is Treasonous! The flag it is the symbol of our nation, the symbol of our freedom, the symbol of those that have gone before us to defend our liberties, and most importantly the symbol which at one point or another each person has pledged their allegiance to. Desecrating this symbol which all should hold dear is to desecrate America’s values and betray the devotion which all have pledged to our nation. Knowing the importance of our high flying flag makes it treasonous to burn or desecrate it, thereby making it obvious that this act should be forbidden by the constitution of the United States of America. Firstly, nothing in the constitution protects the act of desecrating a flag. Many argue that our first amendment allows us the right to this expressive behavior, however when I read our first amendment which states: â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech†¦.† Nothing in our first amendment protects nor allows any type of action. Our amendment protec...

The End Of The World :: essays research papers

The End of the World Have you ever wondered when the world is going to come to a stop?. Have you ever stopped to think about all of those physic predictions that so many have made? I hope to provide an insight to the world of Armageddon. It is almost inevitable that the world and the human race end someday, but just how soon? Millennialists, people who believe that the world is going to end on a set date saying that the date will be May 5, 2000. If their calculations are right, then we only have 6 years to live. "Millennialisim has been present in just about every generation since the birth of Christ--and just about every crop of millennialists has been disappointed" 300 years ago, Nostradamas predicted all of the popes, correctly up until the year 2000. According to Nostradamas we only have 4 popes left until "A horrible fiery death to all humankind"Â © Further more he predicted the southern California' 92 earthquake, 300 years ago!!. Many people believe that the world will end in the form of world war III. Imagine if another Hitler came along, with the weapons that he could get a hold of biological, nuclear and chemical warfare, think how devastating it would be if that happened. People like Hitler are called anti-Christ. Nostradamas also predicted that the third anti-Christ (there have already been 2)would be born in 1970, his name unreleased to the public. Supposedly he will start world war III in Asia some where. "Millinnialism sells, and that's an indisputable fact. There's money in Armageddon" Deep in the heart of Arizona there are about 300 people who think that they will be prepared for Armageddon. The quaint town of misty falls has been preparing for Armageddon for 10 years now. They have build in total 40,000 sq. of underground bunkers lined with lead, some of them family size, some of them big enough to hold 75 people comfortably. The bunkers are stocked with enough food and other essentials to last for seven years. These troopers did not only pack food, they have educational computers, lots of condoms (What else do ya do?) "when doomsday doesn't come the millennialilst response is that the calculations need re-tuning and doomsday is still imminent"Ä Others who have had visions have seen great natural disasters, one man saw in a vision that he saw a map of the united states with half of it